Synergistic Engineering of Defects and Architecture in Binary Metal Chalcogenide toward Fast and Reliable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have great promise to support the next‐generation energy storage if their sluggish redox kinetics and polysulfide shuttling can be addressed. The rational design of sulfur electrodes plays key roles in tacking these problems and achieving high‐efficiency sulfur electrochemistry. Herein, a synergetic defect and architecture engineering strategy to design highly disordered spinel Ni–Co oxide double‐shelled microspheres (NCO‐HS), which consist of defective spinel NiCo₂O_4–x (x = 0.9 if all nickel is Ni²⁺ and cobalt is Co^2.13+), as the multifunctional sulfur host material is reported. The in situ constructed cation and anion defects endow the NCO‐HS with significantly enhanced electronic conductivity and superior polysulfide adsorbability. Meanwhile, the delicate nanoconstruction offers abundant active interfaces and reduced ion diffusion pathways for efficient Li–S chemistry. Attributed to these synergistic features, the sulfur composite electrode achieves excellent rate performance up to 5 C, remarkable cycling stability over 800 cycles and good areal capacity of 6.3 mAh cm^?2 under high sulfur loading. This proposed strategy based on synergy engineering could also inform material engineering in related energy storage and conversion fields.     

Flexible Na/K‐Ion Full Batteries from the Renewable Cotton Cloth–Derived Stable,Low‐Cost,and Binder‐Free Anode and Cathode

Flexible Na/K‐ion batteries (NIBs/KIBs) exhibit great potential applications and have drawn much attention due to the continuous development of flexible electronics. However, there are still many huge challenges, mainly the design and construction of flexible electrodes (cathode and anode) with outstanding electrochemical properties. In this work, a unique approach to prepare flexible electrode is proposed by utilizing the commercially available cotton cloth–derived carbon cloth (CC) as a flexible anode and the substrate of a cathode. The binder‐free, self‐supporting, and flexible cathodes (FCC@N/KPB) are prepared by growing Prussian blue microcubes on the flexible CC (FCC). Na/K‐ion full batteries (FCC//FCC@N/KPB) are assembled by using FCC and FCC@N/KPB as anode and cathode, respectively. Electrochemical performance, mechanical flexibility, and practicability of FCC//FCC@N/KPB Na/K‐ion full batteries are evaluated in both coin cells and flexible pouch cells, demonstrating their superior energy‐storage properties (excellent rate performance and cycling stability) and remarkable flexibility (they can work under different bending states). This work provides a new and profound strategy to design flexible electrodes, promoting the development of flexible NIBs/KIBs to be practical and sustainable.     

A Double‐Edged Sword: Complement Component 3 in Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Sprague Dawley rats and Kunming (KM) mice are artificially infected with type II Toxoplasma gondii strain Prugniaud (Pru) to generate toxoplasmosis, which is a fatal disease mediated by T. gondii invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by unknown mechanisms. The aim is to explore the mechanism of differential susceptibility of mice and rats to T. gondii infection. Therefore, a strategy of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is established to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the rats’ and the mice's brains compared to the healthy groups. In KM mice, which is susceptible to T. gondii infection, complement component 3 (C3) is upregulated and the tight junction (TJ) pathway shows a disorder. It is presumed that T. gondii‐stimulated C3 disrupts the TJ of the blood–brain barrier in the CNS. This effect allows more T. gondii passing to the brain through the intercellular space.     

有色大麦种质芽期耐盐性鉴定

以44份有色大麦种质为试材,通过测定发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发活力指数结合两个颜色指标YU(颜色亮度和浓度)进行芽期的耐盐性鉴定,并运用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对有色大麦材料进行多指标耐盐性综合评价。结果表明,发芽率和发芽指数对盐胁迫响应最为敏感,芽长和根长对盐胁迫响应较为迟钝;粒色亮度与耐盐性综合评价F值呈显著负相关;粒色浓度与耐盐性综合评价F值呈显著正相关;综合指标F值相关分析表明,颜色越深,耐盐性越强;用综合指标F值,可将44份有色大麦分为4类,其中强耐盐材料包括XZDM-1401、XZDM-1404、XZDM-1543、XZDM-1546等4份,中等耐盐性包括XZDM-926、XZDM-957、XZDM-972等16份,弱耐盐性包括XZDM-815、XZDM-1606、XZDM-1030等12份,敏盐性包括XZDM-973、XZDM-1042、XZDM-1318等12份。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系研究

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清半乳糖凝集素3(GAL3)、血清趋化因子12(CXCL12)水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法:选取成都市第五人民医院于2016年2月～2018年9月期间接收的AIS患者138例为观察组,另选取同期来该院行健康体检的志愿者60例为对照组。其中观察组根据美国国立卫生研究所中风量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻症组(n=42,4分),中症组(n=61,4～15分),重症组(n=35,15分),根据改良RABKIN量表(m RS)评分分为预后良好组(n=82)和预后不良组(n=56)。比较对照组、观察组的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平,分析不同NIHSS得分、不同预后的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平,采用Pearson相关性分析血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与NIHSS评分、m RS评分的相关性。结果:观察组血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重症组、中症组AIS患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平高于轻症组,且重症组高于中症组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。预后不良组的AIS患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果可知,血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与NIHSS评分、m RS评分均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:AIS患者的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均异常升高,且其升高程度与AIS患者病情严重程度及预后息息相关。     

化学诱变剂EMS对知母种子萌发的影响

以知母（Anemarrhena asphodeloides）种子为材料,分别采用1%、2%、4%、6%浓度的EMS处理6、8、12和24 h,在恒温培养箱内进行种子萌发实验,研究不同浓度的化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS）处理对知母种子萌发的影响,筛选适宜的诱变浓度和诱变时间。结果表明：随EMS浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,知母种子发芽率呈现逐渐降低的趋势,以相对发芽率达到半致死浓度为标准,6%EMS浸种12和24 h可作为EMS诱导知母建立突变体库的适宜条件。     

早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤腹腔镜手术中两种示踪剂前哨淋巴结活检结果的对比分析

目的:通过在早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤患者中应用吲哚箐绿(ICG)及纳米炭混悬液为示踪剂行腹腔镜下前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)切除术,对比两种示踪剂的示踪效果,寻找临床更适宜普遍使用的示踪剂。方法:选取仁济医院妇瘤科2016.8～2019.10期间诊断明确的122例早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤患者为研究对象。随机采用ICG或纳米炭为前哨示踪剂。对两种示踪剂的显影情况和SLN的示踪效果进行分析。结果:在122例子宫颈恶性肿瘤病例中,宫颈注射ICG64例,检出SLN385枚,平均每个患者检出6.02枚SLN,检出率100%(64/64),特异度96.77%,敏感度75%。宫颈注射纳米炭混悬液58例,检出SLN265枚,平均每个患者检出4.57枚SLN,检出率96.9%(56/58),特异度96.36%,敏感度66.67%。两种示踪剂都有较好的示踪效果(P=0.9356)。结论:早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤行宫颈注射ICG或纳米炭混悬液,腹腔镜下显影的SLN均具有较高的检出率与准确率,是一种较为可行的方法,可普遍开展,值得推广。     

右美托咪定对老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术后细胞免疫功能、认知功能及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定对老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术后细胞免疫功能、认知功能及炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取2017年2月～2019年6月期间到我院择期行手术治疗的老年恶性肿瘤患者119例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=59)和研究组(n=60),研究组麻醉中输注右美托咪定,对照组麻醉中输注同容量等速率的生理盐水,比较两组患者围术期指标、细胞免疫功能、不良反应、炎症因子指标、简易智力状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果:两组患者术后第3 d的CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+、CD4~+较术前下降,CD8~+较术前升高(P0.05);研究组术后第3 d的CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+、CD4~+高于对照组,CD8~+则低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后第3 d的血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGBl)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、麻醉时间比较无差异(P0.05)。两组患者术前、术后第1 d、术后第3 d的MMSE评分呈先下降后升高趋势(P0.05),且研究组术后第1 d、第3 d的MMSE评分高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术中输注右美托咪定,可减轻细胞免疫抑制及炎症反应,对术后早期的认知功能下降有一定预防作用。     

血清sTREM-1、肺功能指数与肺癌患者术后肺部感染的关系及其预测价值研究

目的:探讨血清髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、肺功能指数与肺癌患者术后肺部感染的关系及其预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月-2019年1月在我院进行手术治疗的115例肺癌患者的临床资料,根据患者术后72 h是否发生肺部感染将其分为感染组(n=28)及未感染组(n=87)。对比两组患者临床资料、术后6 h血清s TREM-1、降钙素原(PCT)水平及术前肺功能指数[第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)]变化,记录感染组患者痰细菌培养结果,采用Logistic分析肺癌患者术后感染的影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析s TREM-1、FEV1、PEF在肺癌术后感染的预测价值。结果:感染组术后入住ICU比例大于未感染组,感染组TNM分期为IV期的比例大于未感染组(P0.05),感染组术后6 h血清s TREM-1、PCT水平高于未感染组,术前FEV1、PEF水平低于未感染组(P0.05)。感染组痰培养结果提示G-菌为17例,占60.71%;G+菌10例,占35.71%;真菌1例,占3.57%。二元多因素Logistic分析提示术后6 h血清s TREM-1水平升高、术前FEV1下降及PEF下降、术后入住ICU为肺癌患者术后感染的独立影响因素。三者联合预测曲线下面积为0.850(95%CI:1.350～1.745,P=0.000),敏感度与特异性分别为91.3%与80.6%,优于s TREM-1、FEV1、PEF的单独预测效能。结论:s TREM-1水平升高,术前FEV1、PEF水平降低与肺癌患者术后肺部感染密切相关,对s TREM-1、FEV1、PEF三者联合分析对于预测肺癌患者术后肺部感染的发生具有较高的预测价值。